The modern Sindhi abjad is used in Pakistan and is based on Perso-Arabic script for Sindhi (سنڌي الفابيٽ) Sindhi literature, in particular lyric poetry, began to appear towards the end of the 15th century. In the 19th century the Khudabadi script was used mainly by traders, the Devanagari script was used by Pandits, the Gurmukhi script was used by Hindu women, and the Perso-Arabic script was used by government officials. Sindhi first appeared in writing in the 8th century AD and a number of different scripts have been used to write it, including Khojki, Khudabadi, Devanagari, Gurmukhi and Perso-Arabic. Other countries with Sindhi speakers include the United Arab Emirates (102,000), Oman (25,400), Afghanistan (21,000) and Philippines (20,000). In 2011 there were about 1.7 million speakers of Sindhi in India in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Status: official language in Sindh province of Pakistan, and in Rajasthan state in India.Writing systems: Khudawadi, Arabic, Devanagari, Gurmukhi and Khojki scripts.Language family: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Northwestern Indo-Aryan.
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